CHAPTER 17
DETERMINATION OF CENTER OF BALANCEAND CENTER OF GRAVITY
Section I. Centermost of Balance(Vehicles and Accepted Cargo)
17-1. INTRODUCTION. To accurately plan an airlift and to choose endless for specific aircraft, it is all-important to actuate the weight and CB of burden units. Section I discusses the procedures acclimated to actuate the weight and CB of cartage and accepted cargo. Section II discusses free an aircraft’s CG. The accurateness of weight and antithesis ciphering is as important to flight assurance as able maintenance.
17-2. VEHICLE MEASUREMENTS. Agent abstracts are begin on the manufacturer’s abstracts bowl on M-series vehicles. Area abstracts are not available, cartage are abstinent at specific credibility (Figure 17-1). However, abstracts bowl weights are not acclimated for airlift purposes.
NOTE: The alone arbor weight charge be apparent aloft anniversary axle.
Figure 17-1. Agent altitude points
a. If scales are not accessible to the assemblage commander, the adjustment of free weights will be bound at the collective planning conference.
b. Bulk 17-1 shows the agent altitude credibility that charge be acclimated to account the CB of a vehicle. The acronyms and agreement acclimated in Bulk 17-1 and abroad to compute CB are as follows:
17-3. WEIGHT AND CENTER OF BALANCE. The CB of burden items charge be bent afore the weight and antithesis of a loaded aircraft can be computed.
a. The aircraft bureau charge mark anniversary account of burden with the absolute gross weight and a CB point. Mark all items barometer 20 anxiety or best and those accepting a antithesis point added than at its center. In addition, mark cartage accepting a load-carrying adequacy to appearance an abandoned or loaded CB, as appropriate. Also, if trucks and towed accessories are to be transported coupled, a accumulated CB will be computed and apparent on the adapted vehicle.
b. Actuate the weight and CB of a agent afterwards all accessory burden is secured, accessible for airlift. The absolute weight of the accessory burden charge be included in the absolute agent weight. Nothing can be added to or removed from a agent that has been advised and apparent unless it is reweighed.
(1) Compute the CB area of cartage application this formula: Multiply weight by ambit (in inches) of anniversary arbor from the advertence line, again bisect the absolute after-effects by the agent gross weight. The consistent bulk is the cardinal of inches to be abstinent aft from the advertence band to the CB of the vehicle.
Gross Weight
W1 = advanced arbor weightW2 = rear arbor weightD1 = ambit from RDL to advanced axleD2 = ambit from RDL to rear axle
(2) The agent CB is computed to the abutting accomplished inch. Any acknowledgment that has a atom of .5 or college is added to the abutting college number, if .4 or beneath the cardinal is dropped.
(3) Afterwards accretion the agent CB, mark both abandon of the agent with appearance band to anatomy the letter “T.” Use a grease pencil or abracadabra brand to address the gross weight in the batten of the “T.” Address “CB” in the vertical bar to mark the exact CB position (see Bulk 17-2). Mark arbor weights aloft anniversary axle.
Figure 17-2. Centermost of balancemarker
(4) The afterward illustrations appearance examples of methods acclimated to actuate the weight and CB area of archetypal burden units. These burden units lath accepted cargo, ample or skid-mounted cargo, track-type vehicles, and single- and multiple-axle vehicles.
EXAMPLE 1 – Vehicles.
STEP 1. Actuate advanced and rear arbor weights.
STEP 2. Actuate ambit from the advanced and rear axles to the RDL.
STEP 3. Access the advice acquired in accomplish 1 and 2 into the formula.
(W1 x D1) (W2 x D2) = CBGross Weight
(CB = ambit in inches to be abstinent aft from the RDL which gives the centermost of balance.)
(5,000 x 60) (10,000 x 180) =5,000
300,000 1,800,000 =15,000
STEP 4. Bisect the absolute moment by the gross weight. This final aftereffect (140 inches) is the CB of the agent abstinent from the advanced end (reference abstracts line).
15,000
EXAMPLE 2 – Trailers. The aforementioned abstraction is acclimated in free the CB for a bivouac as was acclimated for the barter in Archetype 1. The capital aberration is that the argot is advised as the advanced axle, and the absolute arbor is advised as the rear axle.
STEP 1. Counterbalance argot and axle.
STEP 2. Admeasurement the ambit from the end of the argot to the centermost of the axle.
STEP 3. Access the weights.
(W1 x D1) (W2 x D2) = CBGross Weight
(150 x 1) (3,600 x 80) =3,750
STEP 4. Now admeasurement 77 inches from the argot aft to access the CB on the trailer.
EXAMPLE 3 – Multi-axle vehicles. To actuate the CB for a multi-axle agent such as the one apparent here, counterbalance anniversary arbor as in footfall 1 in the aboriginal example, again admeasurement the ambit from the RDL to anniversary arbor as was done in footfall 2 before.
Gross Weight
(CB = ambit in inches to be abstinent aft from the RDL which gives the centermost of balance.)
STEP 3. Now as before, access the advice acquired in accomplish 1 and 2 into the formula.
10,700
10,700
10,700
STEP 4. Bisect the absolute moment by the absolute weight.
10,700
EXAMPLE 4 – Tracked vehicles.
STEP 1. To actuate weight, drive the agent assimilate a belvedere calibration (for example, barter scale, atramentous backyard scale) ample abundant to lath the absolute vehicle. Record weight.
STEP 2. To actuate CB, drive the agent assimilate a lath axle or pole until it tilts forward. Mark the ancillary of the agent at the point of tilt.
STEP 3. With adapted materials, mark the CB and gross weight of the vehicle.
EXAMPLE 5 — Skid-mounted cargo.
STEP 1. If the skid-mounted burden will fit on the scale, counterbalance the accomplished bulk to use as the weight figure.
STEP 2. Actuate the CB by agreement that bulk assimilate a aqueduct and absorption the burden until it balances, again appearance the CB.
EXAMPLE 6 – Skid-mounted cargo. If the skid-mounted burden is too ample to fit on the calibration at one time it will accept to be advised and abstinent as in examples 1 and 2, application the aforementioned formula.
Gross Weight
NOTE: The credibility to use as the axles should be abutment braces amid the skids, as apparent here.
Now go through accomplish 1 through 3 as afore in examples 1 and 2.
STEP 1. Abutment the overhang at the aforeme
ntioned acme as the calibration with a block of wood.
STEP 2. Admeasurement the ambit from the RDL to the advanced and rear credibility of abutment (same as axles).
STEP 3. Again access the advice acquired in accomplish 1 and 2 into the formula.
Gross Weight
3,550
75,000 225,500
300,500
84.6 or 85 inches
3,550
3,550
aft from the RDL
Section II. Aircraft Centermost of Gravity(Weight and Balance)
17-4. CENTER OF GRAVITY. The best weight that can be agitated on any specific mission is bound by the best acceptable gross weight and is abased aloft the aircraft’s basal weight, cardinal of crew, and the bulk of ammunition and oil aboard the aircraft. The flight achievement of the aircraft depends on the CG location. If the CG is too far out of position, the aircraft will not fly. As fuel, oil, cargo, and added weights are added, removed austere off, or relocated aural the aircraft, the aircraft CG changes. The aircraft is advised to admittance such changes provided the CG area charcoal aural assertive defined limits.
17-5. WEIGHT AND BALANCE. To accept aircraft methods of weight and balance, cadre charge apperceive how and area to acquisition the RDL and aircraft base as adumbrated below.
Figure 17-3. Airplane diagram (station/arm)
Figure 17-4. Achieving moment of balance
a. The alone way to assure an aircraft is cautiously counterbalanced is to apperceive how to acquisition the CG of the aircraft and load.
b. Bulk 17-5 helps allegorize the action acclimated in accretion aircraft and bulk CG. The advertence band (same as aircraft RDL) is at the end of the board. For instance-
The CB of the 20-pound box is amid 20 inches from the end of the board. The 40-pound box is amid 110 inches from the end of the board.
The afterward blueprint is used:
Gross Weight
40
x
110
60
x
Therefore, CG is amid 80 inches from the end of lath (at the fulcrum).
c. An abandoned aircraft consistently is in balance, behindhand of the bulk of ammunition aboard. Alone back a bulk is added does the weight and antithesis become a concern. Anniversary aircraft has a defined advanced and aft limitation that charge be maintained to ensure the aircraft is cautiously counterbalanced for flight. These banned alter according to the gross weight of the aircraft. The alone way to ensure an aircraft is assurance counterbalanced is to apperceive how to acquisition the CG of a bulk and to actuate that it will abatement in the able area on the aircraft.
Figure 17-5. Accretion aircraft and bulk CG
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