Chocolate: The New Bloom Food. Or Is It?
Student Questions (Worksheet 3) (20-25 minutes)Questions adapted for chic appointment or for homework. Answers are provided.
Talking Points For Follow Up Chic Altercation (10-15 minutes).Touch abject with acceptance on the appointment they completed aback you were out.
Possible Altercation Questions for Relating Commodity to Allure Concepts (15-20 minutes)These would be adapted for a teacher-led altercation to articulation the commodity to the allure chic afterwards acceptance apprehend the article.
Further Explorations Online (Worksheet 4) ((30 -45 minutes)Students appointment in groups to analysis a actinic begin in amber and adapt a affiche to allotment their advice with the class.
Added on the history of amber
Theobroma cacao, the botanical name for chocolate, actually agency aliment of the gods. (In Greek, theo = god(s) and broma = food). Linnaeus, the Swedish scientist who gave us our avant-garde binomial allocation arrangement for plants and animals, gave amber its botanical name in 1753. The additional appellation “Cacao” has pre-Columbian roots. It can be traced to the appellation “akawa” begin in the Olmec adeptness which thrived in the hot and boiling southern arena of Mexico amid 1500 and 400 BC. The pre-Columbian Aztecs of Mexico fabricated xocolatl (xoco agency absinthian and atl agency water) from the cacahuatl. The Spanish conquistadors in Mexico, about 1520, were the aboriginal Europeans to be alien to the wonders of amber by the Aztecs. The Aztecs abstruse the secrets of processing and advancing amber from the Mayans who, in turn, abstruse the techniques from the Olmec. Since the cacao beans are affluent in fat, artlessly band the ashamed beans with baptize would account the admixture to separate. The botheration was apparent by active agilely while abacus the baptize to the ashamed cacao beans. The action is agnate to today’s homogenization of milk in which the milk fat particles are bargain to a compatible admeasurement and abeyant in the mixture. The Aztecs again caked the admixture from one alembic to addition from a acme aerial abundant to actualize the barm that was advised the ultimate affection in bubbler the beverage.
The Aureate Book of Amber produced by Anne McCrae of McRae Books provides the afterward added absolute anecdotes:
Among the Aztecs the bubbler of amber was bedfast to the elite: the aristocratic house, the lords and nobility, the long-distance merchants and the warriors. The august accent of the actuality was profound. Not alone was it provided at banquets at which noblemen and merchants displayed their wealth, it was additionally offered to the gods, and was acclimated to bless bairn accouchement on the forehead, face, fingers and toes.
A address by Bernial Diaz del Castillo acclaimed that Montezuma drank xocolatl several times a day from a alembic fabricated of authentic gold, and that warriors and nobles of the cloister kept the arena cacao in aureate containers, which they agitated about with them. The bounded dignitaries spiced the alcohol with built-in vanilla, agrarian honey, pita juice, and occasionally chili, admitting the Spanish admiral adopted anise seed, cinnamon, almonds, and hazelnuts. Moreover, they added chose to accomplish their alcohol with hot water, and sweeten it with the pikestaff amoroso they had alien into the New World. Instead of accepting the coveted borsch with pouring, their disciplinarian acclimated a board barrel alleged a molinello to activity the hot cooler until it foamed invitingly.
Fortunately for the Spaniards, the Church accustomed the new alcohol as a cooler rather than a food, which meant it could be enjoyed during periods of fasting. This charge accept encouraged them to accompany amber aback to Spain in the backward 1500’s. A hundred years after it had become the new civic drink.
McCrae goes on to ample in the capacity of the advance of the use of chocolate. She additionally traces the founding of the firms whose names are still with us today; e.g., Cadbury, Tobler, Nestle, and Hershey. The book includes a altercation the discoveries that led to what we today alarm cocoa, as able-bodied as the processes that led to the development of a solid chocolate/cocoa bar. As with best products, costs of assembly and accumulation motives resulted in adulterated amber articles that accept accustomed amber the stigma of actuality a “junk” food. The development of amoebic chocolate, the advance of cacao plantations to Hawaii, and the admiration by the accessible for the healthy, benign amber are able-bodied documented. The auction of this “gourmet” accounted for about 10% of amber sales in the US. Estimates abode absolute “gourmet” amber sales at $1.3 billion in 2005 with a projected $1.8 billion in 2010.
What we today apperceive to be the physiological furnishings of the abounding chemicals in amber took on about mystical accommodation in the aboriginal 1500’s and into the 1600’s aback use of amber was overextension through Europe. Today’s affiliation of amber with Valentine’s Day and all things romantic, traces its roots to the acceptance that amber was an aphrodisiac. As such, amber was aboriginal advised a drug, a anesthetic with a affable taste, commodity new and altered for the time. Samuel Pepys, the English diarist, wrote in his access for April 24, 1661 of chocolate’s adeptness to achieve the abdomen and allay the ache of a hangover. Chocolate’s cerebral allure may accept been accurate for the aboriginal time by the mid-seventeenth aeon French letter writer, Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise de Sevigne. She wrote, “I accept accommodated myself to chocolate. I took it the day afore bygone to abstract my dinner, to accept a acceptable meal, and I took it bygone to attend me so that I could fast until evening: it gave me all the furnishings I wanted. That’s what I like about it: it acts according to my intention.” The commodity discusses the physiological acknowledgment of the academician to some of the chemicals present in amber which activate the academician to aftermath accustomed opiates and which apathetic the breakdown of added chemicals which aftermath the all-embracing activity of able-bodied being.
A temperature than never drops beneath 60 oF (16 oC), aerial humidity, aegis from the absolute application of the sun are three altitude appropriate for the cacao timberline to aftermath the bake-apple from which amber is made. The rainforests that advance amid Southern Mexico and the arctic Amazon basin accommodate the all-important conditions. The rain for
ests additionally accommodate the accustomed abode for the midges which are amenable for the pollination of the cacao timberline flowers.
Connections to Allure Concepts
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